1. co-ordinate sentences
Co-ordinate sentences are sentences that are joined with conjunctions rather than subordinate clauses. Co-ordinate sentences are more typical of spoken language.
2. Community Language Learning
A method of foreign language learning developed by Charles Curran. Community Language Learning (CLL) is an application of Counseling Learning to foreign language learning and teaching. It uses techniques developed in group counseling to help people with psychological and emotional problems. The method makes use of group learning in small or large groups. These groups are the “community”. The method places emphasis on the learners’ personal feelings and their reactions to language learning. Learners say what they want to talk about, in their native language. The teacher (known as “counselor”) translates the students’ sentences into L2 and the learner then repeats this to other members of the group.
3. Deixis
A process whereby words or expressions rely absolutely on context. An example of a deictic expression would be: "that one over there".
4. Dictogloss
Dictogloss is an activity in which short pieces of language are read out at normal speed to students. The students take down the key words and then attempt to reconstruct their passage form the general understanding or gist of the text and from their own notes. The task of reconstructing the text in their own words requires the students to consciously focus on their knowledge of the content and the relationship between ideas and word and is dependent upon small group interaction since the students do not work alone in the reconstructions, but pool their key words and understanding to complete the task. For more information see Wajnryb, R. (1990). Resource Books for Teachers: Grammar Dictation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5. ellipsis
Incomplete sentences and clauses.
6. hyponymy
Hyponyms are a set of related words whose meaning are specific instances of a more general word (so, for example, red, white, blue, etc., are hyponyms of colour). Hyponymy is thus the relationship between a general term such as polygon and specific instances of it, such as triangle. [Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman's Introduction to Language (ISBN 0-03-018682-X)]
7. meta-language
Meta language is the language the learners need in order to talk about the language that they are learning. An example of meta language is teacher's instructions.
8. Outcome
What learners do with the language after an activity.
9. Prosody
A collective term for variations in loudness, pitch and speech rhythm.
10. subvocalising
Reading aloud or reading whilst making the gestures of the text as if the student was being read aloud.
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